{
  "title": "State of AI readiness for small businesses in Europe (aggregates only)",
  "generated": "2026-10-28",
  "url": "https://snuepi.com/data",
  "licence": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "attribution": "snuepi, https://snuepi.com/data"
  },
  "sampling_frame": {
    "source": "© OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL (https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright)",
    "description": "OpenStreetMap objects with a website tag; not a random sample.",
    "min_measured_sites_per_published_cell": 25
  },
  "denominators": {
    "reachable": {
      "share_of": "measured",
      "label": "Website opened for an AI reader"
    },
    "prices_readable": {
      "share_of": "reachable",
      "label": "Prices readable as text"
    },
    "hours_readable": {
      "share_of": "reachable",
      "label": "Opening hours readable"
    },
    "booking_system": {
      "share_of": "reachable",
      "label": "Links to an online booking system"
    },
    "ai_blocked_assistant": {
      "share_of": "robots_read",
      "label": "robots.txt turns away AI assistants or AI search"
    },
    "find_read_book": {
      "share_of": "reachable",
      "label": "Open, readable prices and a booking system, not blocking assistants"
    },
    "terms_for_agents": {
      "share_of": "reachable",
      "label": "Published rules an agent can read (deposit, cancellation)"
    },
    "llms_txt": {
      "share_of": "reachable",
      "label": "Has an llms.txt file (not a rule set)"
    },
    "ai_blocked_training": {
      "share_of": "robots_read",
      "label": "robots.txt blocks AI training crawlers (a legitimate choice)"
    }
  },
  "citation": "snuepi (2026). State of AI readiness for small businesses in Europe. Survey run 2026-10-28, 298 websites measured. https://snuepi.com/data. Licence CC BY 4.0. Sampling frame: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).",
  "runs": [
    "2026-10-28"
  ],
  "cells": [
    {
      "category": "hairdresser",
      "city": "Amsterdam",
      "run_date": "2026-10-28",
      "page": "https://snuepi.com/data/hairdressers-amsterdam",
      "listed": 50,
      "excluded_robots": 0,
      "excluded_robots_unavailable": 0,
      "excluded_invalid_address": 0,
      "measured": 50,
      "reachable": 32,
      "prices_readable": 8,
      "hours_readable": 2,
      "booking_system": 13,
      "shop_checkout": 0,
      "robots_read": 32,
      "ai_blocked_assistant": 0,
      "ai_blocked_training": 0,
      "llms_txt": 5,
      "terms_for_agents": 0,
      "find_read_book": 4,
      "booking_systems": {
        "Treatwell": 7,
        "Salonized": 4,
        "other": 2
      },
      "share": {
        "reachable": {
          "num": 32,
          "den": 50,
          "pct": 64
        },
        "prices_readable": {
          "num": 8,
          "den": 32,
          "pct": 25
        },
        "hours_readable": {
          "num": 2,
          "den": 32,
          "pct": 6
        },
        "booking_system": {
          "num": 13,
          "den": 32,
          "pct": 41
        },
        "ai_blocked_assistant": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 32,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "find_read_book": {
          "num": 4,
          "den": 32,
          "pct": 13
        },
        "terms_for_agents": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 32,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "llms_txt": {
          "num": 5,
          "den": 32,
          "pct": 16
        },
        "ai_blocked_training": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 32,
          "pct": 0
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "category": "hairdresser",
      "city": "Berlin",
      "run_date": "2026-10-28",
      "page": "https://snuepi.com/data/hairdressers-berlin",
      "listed": 50,
      "excluded_robots": 0,
      "excluded_robots_unavailable": 0,
      "excluded_invalid_address": 0,
      "measured": 50,
      "reachable": 34,
      "prices_readable": 10,
      "hours_readable": 2,
      "booking_system": 7,
      "shop_checkout": 0,
      "robots_read": 34,
      "ai_blocked_assistant": 0,
      "ai_blocked_training": 1,
      "llms_txt": 3,
      "terms_for_agents": 0,
      "find_read_book": 2,
      "booking_systems": {
        "Treatwell": 6,
        "other": 1
      },
      "share": {
        "reachable": {
          "num": 34,
          "den": 50,
          "pct": 68
        },
        "prices_readable": {
          "num": 10,
          "den": 34,
          "pct": 29
        },
        "hours_readable": {
          "num": 2,
          "den": 34,
          "pct": 6
        },
        "booking_system": {
          "num": 7,
          "den": 34,
          "pct": 21
        },
        "ai_blocked_assistant": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 34,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "find_read_book": {
          "num": 2,
          "den": 34,
          "pct": 6
        },
        "terms_for_agents": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 34,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "llms_txt": {
          "num": 3,
          "den": 34,
          "pct": 9
        },
        "ai_blocked_training": {
          "num": 1,
          "den": 34,
          "pct": 3
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "category": "restaurant",
      "city": "Amsterdam",
      "run_date": "2026-10-28",
      "page": "https://snuepi.com/data/restaurants-amsterdam",
      "listed": 50,
      "excluded_robots": 0,
      "excluded_robots_unavailable": 0,
      "excluded_invalid_address": 0,
      "measured": 50,
      "reachable": 32,
      "prices_readable": 0,
      "hours_readable": 5,
      "booking_system": 9,
      "shop_checkout": 0,
      "robots_read": 32,
      "ai_blocked_assistant": 0,
      "ai_blocked_training": 1,
      "llms_txt": 4,
      "terms_for_agents": 0,
      "find_read_book": 0,
      "booking_systems": {
        "other": 6,
        "Zenchef": 3
      },
      "share": {
        "reachable": {
          "num": 32,
          "den": 50,
          "pct": 64
        },
        "prices_readable": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 32,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "hours_readable": {
          "num": 5,
          "den": 32,
          "pct": 16
        },
        "booking_system": {
          "num": 9,
          "den": 32,
          "pct": 28
        },
        "ai_blocked_assistant": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 32,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "find_read_book": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 32,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "terms_for_agents": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 32,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "llms_txt": {
          "num": 4,
          "den": 32,
          "pct": 13
        },
        "ai_blocked_training": {
          "num": 1,
          "den": 32,
          "pct": 3
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "category": "restaurant",
      "city": "Berlin",
      "run_date": "2026-10-28",
      "page": "https://snuepi.com/data/restaurants-berlin",
      "listed": 50,
      "excluded_robots": 0,
      "excluded_robots_unavailable": 0,
      "excluded_invalid_address": 0,
      "measured": 50,
      "reachable": 34,
      "prices_readable": 2,
      "hours_readable": 4,
      "booking_system": 3,
      "shop_checkout": 1,
      "robots_read": 33,
      "ai_blocked_assistant": 0,
      "ai_blocked_training": 1,
      "llms_txt": 6,
      "terms_for_agents": 0,
      "find_read_book": 0,
      "booking_systems": {
        "other": 3
      },
      "share": {
        "reachable": {
          "num": 34,
          "den": 50,
          "pct": 68
        },
        "prices_readable": {
          "num": 2,
          "den": 34,
          "pct": 6
        },
        "hours_readable": {
          "num": 4,
          "den": 34,
          "pct": 12
        },
        "booking_system": {
          "num": 3,
          "den": 34,
          "pct": 9
        },
        "ai_blocked_assistant": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 33,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "find_read_book": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 34,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "terms_for_agents": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 34,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "llms_txt": {
          "num": 6,
          "den": 34,
          "pct": 18
        },
        "ai_blocked_training": {
          "num": 1,
          "den": 33,
          "pct": 3
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "category": "trades",
      "city": "Berlin",
      "run_date": "2026-10-28",
      "page": "https://snuepi.com/data/building-trades-berlin",
      "listed": 50,
      "excluded_robots": 0,
      "excluded_robots_unavailable": 1,
      "excluded_invalid_address": 0,
      "measured": 49,
      "reachable": 33,
      "prices_readable": 8,
      "hours_readable": 1,
      "booking_system": 0,
      "shop_checkout": 0,
      "robots_read": 33,
      "ai_blocked_assistant": 0,
      "ai_blocked_training": 0,
      "llms_txt": 5,
      "terms_for_agents": 0,
      "find_read_book": 0,
      "booking_systems": {},
      "share": {
        "reachable": {
          "num": 33,
          "den": 49,
          "pct": 67
        },
        "prices_readable": {
          "num": 8,
          "den": 33,
          "pct": 24
        },
        "hours_readable": {
          "num": 1,
          "den": 33,
          "pct": 3
        },
        "booking_system": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 33,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "ai_blocked_assistant": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 33,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "find_read_book": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 33,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "terms_for_agents": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 33,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "llms_txt": {
          "num": 5,
          "den": 33,
          "pct": 15
        },
        "ai_blocked_training": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 33,
          "pct": 0
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "category": "trades",
      "city": "Hamburg",
      "run_date": "2026-10-28",
      "page": "https://snuepi.com/data/building-trades-hamburg",
      "listed": 50,
      "excluded_robots": 0,
      "excluded_robots_unavailable": 1,
      "excluded_invalid_address": 0,
      "measured": 49,
      "reachable": 41,
      "prices_readable": 12,
      "hours_readable": 1,
      "booking_system": 0,
      "shop_checkout": 0,
      "robots_read": 39,
      "ai_blocked_assistant": 0,
      "ai_blocked_training": 0,
      "llms_txt": 4,
      "terms_for_agents": 0,
      "find_read_book": 0,
      "booking_systems": {},
      "share": {
        "reachable": {
          "num": 41,
          "den": 49,
          "pct": 84
        },
        "prices_readable": {
          "num": 12,
          "den": 41,
          "pct": 29
        },
        "hours_readable": {
          "num": 1,
          "den": 41,
          "pct": 2
        },
        "booking_system": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 41,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "ai_blocked_assistant": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 39,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "find_read_book": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 41,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "terms_for_agents": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 41,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "llms_txt": {
          "num": 4,
          "den": 41,
          "pct": 10
        },
        "ai_blocked_training": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 39,
          "pct": 0
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    {
      "category": "hairdresser",
      "cells": 2,
      "listed": 100,
      "excluded_robots": 0,
      "excluded_robots_unavailable": 0,
      "excluded_invalid_address": 0,
      "measured": 100,
      "reachable": 66,
      "prices_readable": 18,
      "hours_readable": 4,
      "booking_system": 20,
      "shop_checkout": 0,
      "robots_read": 66,
      "ai_blocked_assistant": 0,
      "ai_blocked_training": 1,
      "llms_txt": 8,
      "terms_for_agents": 0,
      "find_read_book": 6,
      "booking_systems": {
        "Treatwell": 13,
        "Salonized": 4,
        "other": 3
      },
      "share": {
        "reachable": {
          "num": 66,
          "den": 100,
          "pct": 66
        },
        "prices_readable": {
          "num": 18,
          "den": 66,
          "pct": 27
        },
        "hours_readable": {
          "num": 4,
          "den": 66,
          "pct": 6
        },
        "booking_system": {
          "num": 20,
          "den": 66,
          "pct": 30
        },
        "ai_blocked_assistant": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 66,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "find_read_book": {
          "num": 6,
          "den": 66,
          "pct": 9
        },
        "terms_for_agents": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 66,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "llms_txt": {
          "num": 8,
          "den": 66,
          "pct": 12
        },
        "ai_blocked_training": {
          "num": 1,
          "den": 66,
          "pct": 2
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "category": "restaurant",
      "cells": 2,
      "listed": 100,
      "excluded_robots": 0,
      "excluded_robots_unavailable": 0,
      "excluded_invalid_address": 0,
      "measured": 100,
      "reachable": 66,
      "prices_readable": 2,
      "hours_readable": 9,
      "booking_system": 12,
      "shop_checkout": 1,
      "robots_read": 65,
      "ai_blocked_assistant": 0,
      "ai_blocked_training": 2,
      "llms_txt": 10,
      "terms_for_agents": 0,
      "find_read_book": 0,
      "booking_systems": {
        "other": 9,
        "Zenchef": 3
      },
      "share": {
        "reachable": {
          "num": 66,
          "den": 100,
          "pct": 66
        },
        "prices_readable": {
          "num": 2,
          "den": 66,
          "pct": 3
        },
        "hours_readable": {
          "num": 9,
          "den": 66,
          "pct": 14
        },
        "booking_system": {
          "num": 12,
          "den": 66,
          "pct": 18
        },
        "ai_blocked_assistant": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 65,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "find_read_book": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 66,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "terms_for_agents": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 66,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "llms_txt": {
          "num": 10,
          "den": 66,
          "pct": 15
        },
        "ai_blocked_training": {
          "num": 2,
          "den": 65,
          "pct": 3
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "category": "trades",
      "cells": 2,
      "listed": 100,
      "excluded_robots": 0,
      "excluded_robots_unavailable": 2,
      "excluded_invalid_address": 0,
      "measured": 98,
      "reachable": 74,
      "prices_readable": 20,
      "hours_readable": 2,
      "booking_system": 0,
      "shop_checkout": 0,
      "robots_read": 72,
      "ai_blocked_assistant": 0,
      "ai_blocked_training": 0,
      "llms_txt": 9,
      "terms_for_agents": 0,
      "find_read_book": 0,
      "booking_systems": {},
      "share": {
        "reachable": {
          "num": 74,
          "den": 98,
          "pct": 76
        },
        "prices_readable": {
          "num": 20,
          "den": 74,
          "pct": 27
        },
        "hours_readable": {
          "num": 2,
          "den": 74,
          "pct": 3
        },
        "booking_system": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 74,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "ai_blocked_assistant": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 72,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "find_read_book": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 74,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "terms_for_agents": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 74,
          "pct": 0
        },
        "llms_txt": {
          "num": 9,
          "den": 74,
          "pct": 12
        },
        "ai_blocked_training": {
          "num": 0,
          "den": 72,
          "pct": 0
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "total": {
    "listed": 300,
    "excluded_robots": 0,
    "excluded_robots_unavailable": 2,
    "excluded_invalid_address": 0,
    "measured": 298,
    "reachable": 206,
    "prices_readable": 40,
    "hours_readable": 15,
    "booking_system": 32,
    "shop_checkout": 1,
    "robots_read": 203,
    "ai_blocked_assistant": 0,
    "ai_blocked_training": 3,
    "llms_txt": 27,
    "terms_for_agents": 0,
    "find_read_book": 6,
    "booking_systems": {
      "Treatwell": 13,
      "other": 12,
      "Salonized": 4,
      "Zenchef": 3
    },
    "share": {
      "reachable": {
        "num": 206,
        "den": 298,
        "pct": 69
      },
      "prices_readable": {
        "num": 40,
        "den": 206,
        "pct": 19
      },
      "hours_readable": {
        "num": 15,
        "den": 206,
        "pct": 7
      },
      "booking_system": {
        "num": 32,
        "den": 206,
        "pct": 16
      },
      "ai_blocked_assistant": {
        "num": 0,
        "den": 203,
        "pct": 0
      },
      "find_read_book": {
        "num": 6,
        "den": 206,
        "pct": 3
      },
      "terms_for_agents": {
        "num": 0,
        "den": 206,
        "pct": 0
      },
      "llms_txt": {
        "num": 27,
        "den": 206,
        "pct": 13
      },
      "ai_blocked_training": {
        "num": 3,
        "den": 203,
        "pct": 1
      }
    }
  }
}